Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Kudler Fine Foods/ Supply Chain Management - 1241 Words

Running head: KUDLER FINE FOODS / SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Kudler Fine Foods / Supply Chain Management Larry Don Franklin University of Phoenix Kudler Fine Foods / Supply Chain Management Kudler fine food’s supply chain forms the center of its business processes beginning with its purchasing department followed by advertising, accounting, inventory management, forecasting, and merchandising selection and pricing. Its business processes could be enhanced by taking advantage of IT systems like Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and, Expanded (ERP), Digital Supply chain, Real-Time Demand-Driven Operation, Inter-organizational information systems (IOS), Electronic data interchange (EDI), Vendor Managed inventory, On-Demand Customer†¦show more content†¦In checking on all the new items, especially on what competitors are offering, Kathy is also in a position to determine what current selling prices for the items are. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is extended to suppliers, customers, and other business partners to enables both smooth integration of a different company business systems as well as effective and secure communication. ERP would facilitate collaboration in its business processes. Supply chain management (SCM) manages the supply chain end-to-end processes that start with the design of the product and end when it is sold, consumed, or used by the end consumer. SCM is to reduce uncertainty, variability, and risk, and increase control in the supply chain, thereby positively effecting inventory levels, cycle time, business processes and customer service. Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR) is a business practice in which suppliers and retailers collaborate in planning and demand forecasting in order to ensure that members of the supply chain will have the right amount of raw materials and finished goods when they need them. Collaborative planning is designed t o synchronize production and distribution plans and product flow, optimize resource utilization over an expanded capacity base, increase customer responsiveness, and reduce inventory. A demand supply network (DDSN) is driven by customer demand. Its capabilities provide for agility, adaptability, andShow MoreRelatedKudler Fine Foods: Analysis of the Market Structures and Strategic Planning1079 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract This paper presents an analysis of the market structures, strategic planning, market environment, and internal environment of Kudler Fine Food in order to suggest the best market structure which can be helpful for its long-term profitability and recommend strategies which can make it more competitive and successful among its industry rivals. Difference between Market Structures There are four types of market structures: Monopolistic Competition, Monopoly, Oligopoly, and Perfect CompetitionRead MoreOperations Management Assignment - Mba 5021560 Words   |  7 PagesKudler Fine Foods started as a small store that grew into a chain. The chain continues to operate as though each store is its own entity trying to maintain a culture similar if not identical to one another. The focus on the advancement of the company is to maintain the culture of the company which originated the success of the first store to allow the growth into the chain status. With this in mind, there will be a need for change internally to allow for consistency. (Course Virtual Source)Read MoreOperations Management Essay1405 Words   |  6 PagesKudler Fine Foods is a local upscale specialty shop in the San Diego metropolitan area. Kudler provides gourmet foods, beverages and products designed for the gourmet cook at its three stores located in La Jolla, Del Mar and Encinitas and at re asonable price. The stores are stocked with the very best domestic and imported food available and are divided into the following departments: fresh bakery and pastries, fresh produce, fresh meat and seafood, condiments and packaged foods and cheese and specialtyRead MoreKudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization Essay931 Words   |  4 PagesKudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization Kudler Fine Foods is an upscale specialty food store touting the very best domestic and imported products in the San Diego metropolitan area. To understand the success of the organization this paper will show the primary functions of management and who is responsible for each function at Kudler. In this paper the subject to describe is how Kudler’s management uses the Internet and technology in daily processes for greater success. Finally, the paper will citeRead MoreKudler Fine Foods1298 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing Kudler Fine Foods Angela Bush MKT/421 February 19, 2012 Judith C. Allen Marketing Kudler Fine Foods Kudler fine foods is a store that markets fine foods but needs to bring some focus toward expanding their goods to the public. Improving their business operations will increase store efficiencies and the demand of its customers at a higher volume of purchases. The growth of this organization is significant and growth will coincide with strategic marketing that will expandRead MoreOperations Management At Kudler Fine Foods Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagesaffected. iii. Effects on Kudlers supply chain iv. Quality control tools and performance standard needed. v. Conclusion. vi. References. Introduction Kudler Fine Foods founded by Kathy Kudler in 1998 to provide ingredients needed for gourmet meals in one location. Kathy began the company with one store, which turned a profit in the first year. The company now consists of three stores in different cities of California. The organization and culture at Kudler focuses on the customer and the employeesRead MoreKudler Fine Foods Operations Management1429 Words   |  6 PagesKudler Fine Foods (KFF) was founded by Kathy Kudler in the San Diego metropolitan area in 1998. Kathy developed a business plan for the store due to a need for an upscale specialty food store in La Jolla. After opening KFF on June 18, 1998 and concluding a profitable year, she opened a second and third store (Kudler Fine Foods, 2008). KFF has seen strong success and now must ensure continued growth by expanding services, improving the efficiency of operations, and increasing the consumer purchaseRead MoreNeed for a Change Process Within the Accounting Department of Kudler Fine Foods1586 Words   |  6 PagesHeader: KUDLER FINE FOODS VIRTUAL ORGANIZATION 1 Need for a Change Process within the Accounting Department of Kudler Fine Foods Virtual Organization Abstract The Kudler Fine Foods is located in the metropolitan area of the San Diego. It is a local upscale specialty food store. The very best imported and domestic foodstuffs are stocked in all the stores of this company. The Kudler Fine Foods has five departments, namely: Fresh Produce, Fresh Bakery and Pastries, Condiments and Packaged Foods, FreshRead MoreOperations Management at Kudler Fine Foods2693 Words   |  11 PagesKudler Fine Foods is a profitable upscale specialty and gourmet food store with three locations in La Jolla, Del Mar and Encinitas, California. Kudler’s mission is to provide customers with the finest in selected foodstuffs, wines, and related needs in an unparalleled consumer environment (Apollo Group, Inc., 2006). Customers visiting Kudler stores demand specialty and fresh organic foods. To keep customers satisfied, Kudler must offer excellent quality products and ensure product availability. Read MoreKudler Fine Foods - Functional Area Interrelationships1749 Words   |  7 PagesKudler Fine Foods – Functional Area Interrelationships Bus/475 July 16, 2012 Kudler Fine Foods Kudler Fine Foods offers delicacy food s to its customers. Kudler treats its foods with love and care. These delicacies give customers excellent meat, bread, seafood, and wine. Kudler’s mission, vision, values, and goals are extraordinary. This paper is a review of Kudler’s reason for existence, organizational structure, steps in collaboration, positive action plan, and collaborative

Friday, May 15, 2020

Entrepreneurs Are Born Not Made And How The Small Start...

The main questions addressed in this paper are: entrepreneurs are born not made and how the small start-ups have changed the business industries. Many arguments were for and against that entrepreneurs are born with inherent highly developed business skills. Entrepreneurship is a comprehensive term that is an immensely arduous to delineate (Thurik and Carree, 2005). However, the research which was accomplished about entrepreneurs, I think that entrepreneurs are not born they are made on the stage of cultivating new business ideas into reality. Entrepreneur is not determined as the person who has made the entity stupendous, but the one who employs himself and launches the own company (Glackin Mariotti, 2010). Therefore, there are no specific boundaries among various patterns of the societies. For instance, Starbucks is one of the substantial businesses between the organisations and the co-finder Zev Siegel has shared the story of this tremendous start-up in 20th century. â€Å"We wan ted to make a change in our lives and do something that could have impact and be meaningful† – have mentioned CEO-director Zev Siegel in one of the 2016’s interview. Nowadays, Starbucks has more than 24,000 stores in seventy various countries and nevertheless expanding the coffee industry with incredible rapidity. In contemplation â€Å"Nature or Nurture: Decoding the Entrepreneur â€Å", it indicates that there are several peculiarities in common among the entrepreneurs (Monte and London, 2011). Consequently,Show MoreRelatedThe Teachability Dilemma of Entrepreneurship1296 Words   |  6 PagesEntrepreneurs are a very, or perhaps the most, important boost in our economy. They do not only take the risk for the sake of a business, but also they provide our economy with employment opportunities and culture. A society can only be prosperous only when it rewards and encourages entrepreneurial activity because in fact, it is the entrepreneurs and their activities th at are the critical factor for success, prosperity, growth and opportunity in any given economy. Entrepreneurship is not easy andRead MoreAre Entrepreneurs Born or Made?2639 Words   |  11 PagesLaunching a New Venture | Are entrepreneurs born or made? | ID: 1011838 2011-3-19 Word Count: 2,438 | Introduction The term entrepreneur is not a recent invention. It was first coined in the eighteenth century by Richard Cantillon, who identified the risk-bearing function of an entrepreneur (Jennings et al. 1994). According to Morrison (1999 p30), entrepreneurs can be regarded as â€Å"first among equals in the process of wealth creation†. Moreover, entrepreneurs are presented as economic heroesRead MoreNarrative Investigation : The Personal Entrepreneurship Experience Essay2618 Words   |  11 Pagespoints to a US economy that is becoming less dynamic. Of particular interest are declining business startup rates and the resulting diminished role for dynamic young businesses in the economy,† (Decker, Haltiwanger, Jarmin, Miranda, 2014). Due to this finding it is important to understand the aspects of entrepreneurship, explore why our current entrepreneurs decided to enter into business, and what our entrepreneurs consider success. Introduction It has been said that America has had one of the mostRead MoreEntrepreneurship : What Makes America Great? Essay2111 Words   |  9 Pagesyour own business from scratch requires a lot of courage to take the plunge and accept the risks involved. Entrepreneurship is what makes America great, the ability to take an idea and apply it to a business model and earn money. Every big business today was started by entrepreneurs who took the risk and it paid off big for them. Steve Jobs, Mark Zuckerberg, and many others are examples of people who took one idea and took the risk to turn it into a business. There are 3 types of entrepreneurs, ThereRead MoreWhat Entrepreneurship Is And The Advantages Of Being Or Becoming An Entrepreneur2954 Words   |  12 Pagesof being or becoming an entrepreneur. Despite having many definitions in literature, the core elements of the entrepreneurship can be underlined as risk and profit. The entrepreneur is an agent who needs to measure and tackle the risks; in return the entrepreneur gets the profit or has to face failure. The success of the entrepreneur depends heavily on the way he plans the business. The outcome can be rewarding as well as failure. Everyone desires to become an entrepreneur, but unfortunately not everyRead MoreGerry Conway - American Entrepreneur1626 Words   |  7 PagesGerry Conway was the classic American entrepreneur - visionary, charismatic, driven, impatient, and impending. Born in Cleveland in 1931, Conway was the ninth of 13 children. His love of the retail environment, his strong interdependence, and his deep appreciation of people appreciation of people stemmed from his childhood experience: claiming that he has been in retail for over 60 years, working at some of his fathers 200 food stores. After college, Conway and his wife, Marty, returned toRead MoreStatus of Women Entrepreneurs in India5594 Words   |  23 PagesStatus of Women Entrepreneurs in India Miss Pooja, Lecturer Mr. Surinder Bhatia, Lecturer SSIMT, Dinanagar SSIMT, Dinanagar ____________________________________________________________ ______________________ Executive Summary One primary objective of this paper is to find out the status of women entrepreneurs in India. In Hindu scriptures, woman has been described as the embodimentRead MoreThe Entrpreneurship5905 Words   |  24 Pagesrole of the entrepreneur in business in the United States and around the world. 2. Describe the entrepreneurial profile and evaluate your potential as an entrepreneur. 3. Describe the benefits and drawbacks of entrepreneurship. 4. Explain the forces that drive the growth in entrepreneurship. 5. Explain the cultural diversity of entrepreneurship. 6. Describe the important role small business plays in our nation’s economy. 7. Describe the ten deadly mistakes of entrepreneurship and how to avoid themRead MoreThe Entrpreneurship5916 Words   |  24 Pagesrole of the entrepreneur in business in the United States and around the world. 2. Describe the entrepreneurial profile and evaluate your potential as an entrepreneur. 3. Describe the benefits and drawbacks of entrepren eurship. 4. Explain the forces that drive the growth in entrepreneurship. 5. Explain the cultural diversity of entrepreneurship. 6. Describe the important role small business plays in our nation’s economy. 7. Describe the ten deadly mistakes of entrepreneurship and how to avoid themRead MoreThe Role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Development in Bangladesh4090 Words   |  17 PagesEntrepreneurship in Economic Development The entrepreneurs with their ability to scan, analyze and identify opportunities in the environment transform them into business proposition through creation of economic entities. Entrepreneurship and economic development are intimately related. So, that entrepreneurial process is a major factor in economic development and the entrepreneur is the key to economic growth. Whatever be the form of economic and political set-up of the country, entrepreneurship is indispensable

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

If you see somebody being bullied, would you help them...

If you see somebody being bullied, would you help them? Well that’s the question the residence of the small town, Ashville, North Carolina decided to answer. Ashville is a little-known town in the Blue Ridge Region of North Carolina. It is resided by easygoing people who take pride in their city. Once desolated, this town has resurrected its downtown area into a small business gold mine. From restaurants, night clubs, and bookstores, this city has taken abandoned building and turned them into local cash cows. With all this new found success the city is experiencing, they have a new problem on their hands. A public-interest group wants to put a Wal-Mart a couple of miles outside of the city. Everybody knows what Wal-Mart is. It’s a†¦show more content†¦They have revived building once seen as eye sores and made them eye candy, and profitable eye candy at that. Downtown Asheville has become not only a hot spot socially, but it has also become a hot spot economical ly. Ashville is on the upraise, and a Wal-Mart will put a huge damper on their potential growth and future success. A big chain, like Wal-Mart, can ravage local business and financially destroy local business owners. I know Wal-Mart is seen as a mega job creator, but it is also the small business devourer. Small business owners can’t keep up with the convenience of a store that sells just about everything you could need, like a Wal-Mart. Another thing that consumers enjoy, but small business hate is Wal-Mart’s ability to lower their prices. Small business can’t match them because they’ll lose money instead of making it. Even though these practices seem great to the customer, these types of practices are actually monopolistic, and allows Wal-Mart, a finically stable corporation, to easily run small, locally owned businesses out of business. But, Asheville refuses to be the next victim of a big chain like Wal-Mart. They refuse to be bullied, and refuse to lose the city’s new life they fought and worked so hard to get back. They want the playing field to be fair, so that local business can flourish into city jewels and not revert back into closed down eye sores. Even though not having a Wal-Mart will rid them ofShow MoreRelatedSears, Roebuck and Co. vs. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Essays1615 Words   |  7 PagesGuillermo Villavicencio Salazar, Alex Edmundo Zavaleta Franco, Lorena Guadalupe San Salvador, 12 de julio de 2010. Sears, Roebuck and Co. vs. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. En el presente trabajo se realiza una comparacià ³n entre las empresas SEARS y Walmart a travà ©s de un anà ¡lisis de los Estados Financieros de ambas empresas y sus respectivas razones o à ­ndices. A continuacià ³n se presentan los Estados Financieros de Sears Roebuck and Co. A continuacià ³n se presentan los Estados Financieros de Wal-MartRead MoreWalmart : Walmart. Walmart1795 Words   |  8 PagesWalmart Walmart is one of the successful company in the US and outside the US. The strategies that push Walmart behind competitors are low cost and outperforming the competitors. Walmart has been adopting from the past and use their experience to maintain the company and push the company to become successful in the US and worldwide. So, what are the factor that Walmart use for their company? In order to have an understanding about Walmart , You should know about its overview of Walmart, OverviewRead MoreWalmart : A Branch Of Walmart1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe company I researched is a branch of Walmart, one of the largest discount retail companies in the world. The company is comprised of small store chains and was founded back in 1962 by Samuel Walton. Walmart sells practically everything at very low price and it’s one of the largest employers in the United States. Walmart is available in over 11,488 locations with its headquarters being Bentonville, Arkansas United States. The current chairman of Walmart is Gregory B. Penner and the CEO is DougRead MoreWalmart : Founder Of Walmart Essay1329 Words   |  6 Pages1. Briefly trace the history of Walmart. Sam Walton is the founder of Walmart that follows his own principle where, â€Å"true leadership depends on willing service.† Walmart was inspired by the early success of a dime store in 1950s that Walton owned. Sam opened Walmart in 1962 in Rogers, Kansas. Sam Walton thought of Walmart as a way to earn profits through volume of sales by making prices low as possible and give great service for the consumers. The strategy they built was based on a foundation whereRead MoreWalmart658 Words   |  3 PagesWalmart was founded in 1962 and by 1990’s grew into the biggest retailer in the United States. Many business organizations such as Walmart invest heavily in information systems to achieve the following strategic business objectives: operational excellence; new products, services, and business models; customer and supplier intimacy; improved decision-making, competitive advantage; and survival. Successful attainment of these objectives aids company in implementing corpora te strategies and achievingRead MoreWalmart : Company Background Of Walmart1596 Words   |  7 PagesCompany Background Walmart was founded by Sam Walton and opened July 2,1962 in Rogers Arkansas. Walmart went public in 1970, and the first stock was sold for $16.50 a share. In 1972 Walmart was listed on the New York Stock Exchange (WMT). With 51 stores, Walmart recorded sales of $78 million. Walmart was officially incorporated as Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. in 1969 the following year they went national. Walmart has been built of the result of Sam Walton’s visionary leadership. Sam had made his associatesRead MoreWalmart1018 Words   |  5 PagesExecutive Summary Walmart is the world’s biggest private employer with more than 2.2 million employees working in more than 8500 stores in 15 countries under 55 different names. It is world’s third largest public corporation and one of the world’s most valuable companies. Walmart has a tremendous product line which includes general merchandise, apparel, toys, domestics, grocery, fabrics notions, stationery books, cellular phones service plan contracts, shoes, housewares, hardware, electronicsRead MoreWalmart Case Analysis : Walmart922 Words   |  4 Pages WALMART CASE STUDY Walmart revolutionised the department store structure by drawing consumers away from the classical approach into an urban utopia. Walmart has a high distribution footprint, on average, since 1962 Walmart has acquired 125 stores each year, making them a monumental player in the department store industry. Walmart started as a monopoly occupying the entire market as the original mass commercial outlet. For some time, Walmart was considered a hypercompetitive environment becauseRead MoreWalmart The Master Strategizes : Walmart1744 Words   |  7 PagesWalmart the Master Strategizes Walmart has always been considered a powerhouse in the retail business world. It is encouraging to read the story about how Walmart started as a small store in one location but now Walmart has grown to over 11,000 stores worldwide. There is no mistaking that Walmart has shown itself to be a business that has grown to the ranks of empire among retail. With net earnings of more than $482 billion and a staff of more than 2.2million associates worldwide (Walmart, 2016)Read MoreWalmart2771 Words   |  12 PagesWal-Mart study Case#1 1. What threats and challenges is Wal-Mart currently facing? From the beginning, Walmart did not have many threats. However, not only the competition is different, several global retailers such as Target, Carrefour, Costco, and Amazon, are working hard to keep efficiency. They are trying to work together to shrink the prices difference between them. Walmart has facing difficulties from every single angle. Not only the company has internal labor relation problems, but

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Concept of Accounting Theory - Solution is Just a Click Away

Questions: 1. Explain why principles-based standards require a conceptual framework. 2. Why is it important that the IASB and FASB share a common conceptual framework? 3. It is suggested that several parties can benefit from a conceptual framework. Do you consider that a conceptual framework is more important for some parties than others? Explain your reasoning. 4. What is meant by a 'cross-cutting' issue? Suggest some possible examples of crosscutting issues.| Answers: (1). A principle based standard shall be required to develop the conceptual framework for establishing financial standards as well as financial accounting. The objective is based on the basis of financial as well as the operational standards of a business enterprise. These standards are required are based on the long term objectives, organizational characteristics of a business enterprise. To be dependent on principles, the conventions shall be based on fundamental business concepts. [1] Without any presence of strong principles, there would not be any guidelines relating to the recording of accounting transactions in a business enterprise. The principles help to reduce any issues pertaining to any financial discrepancies that might have been hampering the commercial viability of a business enterprise. The FASB and the IASB have been able to follow a strict guideline in developing projects of short term as well as the long term. These institutions have been able to follow a standard guideline and have a common purpose relating to the financial stability of a business enterprise. These principles shall assist a business enterprise in preparing financial statements as per the internationally accepted accounting standards. In this regard, it can be said that the purpose behind these principles is to re-innovate, re-define as well as update the accounting standards to reduce any errors that might have crept in the year ended financial statements. In addition, these reflect comparison with the past years financial position to make important alterations in the existing financial position of the business enterprise. (2). It is important that IASB and the FASB have a common framework. This shall assist the organization to have a common purpose in regarding the financial statements of a business enterprise. This can be done in regard to the preparation of financial statements of a business enterprise. This helps to reduce the hazards in preparing year ended annual financial statements in a vulnerable market environment. If the IASB and FASB converges their standards, this shall create a unified framework and guidelines for the preparation of financial statements in the year end.[2] However, it can be said that the IASB as well as the FASB shall not be successful, if these standards are based on the current FASS concept statements and the IASB Framework. Thus, these documents shall require changes to suit the present working environment. It can be stated that the joint project would help to identify the issues that has been hampering the hampering the development of standard setting projects in various ways. The cost-cuttings procedures have been an essential tool to assist reputed corporate houses in their growth. These two boards shall work together to address a range of issues that has led to the financial statements being ineffective. It is estimated that the joint partnership of these two boards have led to the development of accounting and financial that has facilitated the development of these two issues in a business enterprise. This has led to the development of standard level financial procedures that has been useful to corporate houses, in the context of the global market. (3). A uniform financial framework shall help in the development of effective financial statements in any business enterprise. The allocation of fixed and variable expenses shall have a definite procedure to guard against the perils of financial irregularities. The uniform financial framework is based on strong financial base that shall conform to rules and regulations of business enterprise. Thus, a single party shall not benefit when implementing a conceptual accounting framework. [3]Every legal business entity shall benefit from the transparency and honesty of the accounting statements prepared in the business enterprise. (4). The concept of cost cutting relates to the issue of cost-reduction in the accounting procedures of a business enterprise. It helps assist a business enterprise to reduce the operational expenses of a business enterprise. In addition, the conceptual framework provides the necessary guidelines that help assist a business enterprise to reduce the operational expenses, thereby, leading the business enterprise to gain a profitable position in an intensely competitive market.[4] The cost cutting procedures provides the necessary guidelines to implement reduction in the cost cutting procedures of a business enterprise. The following are the suitable measures that can assist any business enterprise to reduce the manufacturing or the production expenditures of a business enterprise. Process optimization - The procedure of process optimization helps to reduce unnecessary wastage of time and resources in a business organization. As such, the operational processes are planned in a way to enhance production in terms of both quality and quantity with little time and effort. Workforce optimization - By implementing a demand - calibrated against a capacity utilization procedure, a business enterprise would be able to emphasize on the requirements of the workforce and guard against unusual labor expenditures. Thus, effective reduction of overtime expenditures shall enable a business enterprise to assess the workforce requirements adequately and decrease the lab our costs. A less overtime expenses can emerge as a source of savings for the business enterprise. Energy requirements - The purpose of energy requirements since it is an essential manufacturing cost that a business enterprise has to bear. As per market experts , it is the highest or the second most element in a manufacturing process that has a potential expenditure towards the organization . By adopting effective demand driven policies, the operational processes of the organization shall be effective. This would also help the organization to save energy costs without hindering the process of offering effective customer service and the volume of output. Expenditures related to the regulatory compliances - The process of adhering to the regulatory compliances can incur considerable financial expenditures. [5]Thus it can be is the prime responsibility of the manufacturing department to strictly adhere to the rules and regulations of the operational policies of a business enterprise. References Baker, C. Richard, and Alain Burlaud. "The Historical Evolution from Accounting Theory to Conceptual Framework in Financial Standards Setting." The CPA Journal 85.8 (2015): 54. Barthel, Laura. "Prevalence of Accounting Theory in Top-Ranked Undergraduate Accounting Programs." Journal of Accounting and Finance14.4 (2014): 135. Baxter, William T. Accounting theory. Routledge, 2014. Bonin, Holger. Generational accounting: theory and application. Springer Science Business Media, 2013. Deegan, Craig. Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia, 2013. DRURY, COLIN M. Management and cost accounting. Springer, 2013. Gaffikin, Michael, and Michael Aitken. The Development of Accounting Theory (RLE Accounting): Significant Contributors to Accounting Thought in the 20th Century. Routledge, 2014.